Stening® laryngeal prostheses, tracheostomy tubes and laryngotracheal stents are indicated in the following upper airway clinical situations:

• • After surgical reconstruction of the larynx or partial laryngectomy: to maintain airway patency and promote healing.

  • Laryngeal, tracheal, laryngotracheal or esophageal stenosis: temporary or prolonged internal support in benign or complex stenoses.

  • Subglottic stenosis: as a subglottic supporting device in selected patients.

  • Esophageal carcinoma with airway involvement: protection and stabilization of the trachea or larynx against tumor invasion.

  • Fistulas of different etiologies (tracheoesophageal, tracheocutaneous, etc.): to isolate the airway and reduce the passage of air or secretions.

  • Following tracheal resection with anastomosis or tracheal reconstruction: stabilization of the repaired segment and prevention of collapse.

  • Tracheal or laryngeal trauma: as a substitute for a conventional tracheal cannula when internal silicone support is required.

  • Distant or precarinal tracheal lesions: as an access route and support in distal tracheal lesions.

  • Tracheostomized patients with a short neck: optimization of the tract and access to the airway.

  • Secondary access to the airway: maintenance of a functional stoma for subsequent procedures.

  • Upper airway obstruction: interventional management in high mechanical obstructions.

  • Injury to thyroid or cricoid cartilages, hyoid bone or major cervical vessels: airway protection in trauma and complex surgeries.

  • Severe cervical subcutaneous emphysema: airway stabilization in selected severe cases.

  • Facial and mandibular fractures: alternative safe respiratory access when the upper airway is compromised.

  • Control of excessive respiratory tract secretions: facilitating suctioning and secretion management.

  • Reduction of aspiration of oral and gastric secretions: in patients at high risk of aspiration.

  • Preparation for invasive head and neck procedures: ensuring a stable airway during complex surgeries or treatments.

  • Obstructive sleep apnea in selected cases: especially in tracheostomized patients.

  • Tracheostomized patients undergoing laryngeal rehabilitation or with possible phonation: airway support during voice recovery.

  • Maintenance of the tracheostomy opening: to keep the stoma patent when prolonged respiratory access is required.